Ethics of Human Gene Therapy :: Science Genetics Papers

Ethics of Human Gene Therapy Gene therapy is a technique which has developed in the wake of recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology. It is a process which results in the correction of a genetic disorder by the addition of a piece or fragment of DNA into the genetic material of a living, functioning cell. A mere thirty years ago this concept belonged to the realm of the human imagination made manifest in the works of science fiction. Today it belongs to the realm of the human imagination made manifest in the works of science, period. It is mind boggling to try to comprehend the far reaching effects of gene therapy. How is it affecting society? Who will benefit from its use? Should it be used at all? Should research continue? How do we answer all of these questions? The answers are not readily available, nor are they black and white, but an attempt at finding some solutions must be made. Before exploring this line of thought further, a basic understanding of the technical aspects of gene therapy is essential. Technical Aspects Although the highly technical aspects of human gene therapy are somewhat complex, the basic concept is very straight forward. The goal of gene therapy is to correct mistakes that have occurred within the genetic material, or DNA, of the living cell. In very simple terms, DNA is often thought of as the "language" of the biological functioning of organisms. This language is organized by letters (nucleotide pairs), words (codons), sentences (genes), and books (genomes). Before being able to repair the damaged or defective genetic material, the location of the gene or genes causing the dysfunction in the individual must be determined. Over the last fifty years or so, scientists have made a great amount of progress in this area, including the development of techniques which allow for the controlled manipulation and replication of specific segments of the human genome. These types of techniques have come to be known as recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology and have allowed scientists to analyze functions of genes which are not necessarily directly expressed at the phenotypic level. This is done by "cutting out" or excising a particular segment of DNA of interest from the genetic material of an individual and inserting it into a bacterial plasmid (a tiny ring of DNA in addition to the normal chromosomal material found within the cells of bacteria).

Egt1 Task 1

EGT1 Task 1 In this paper I am going to define a few common economic terms and explain their relationships to other economic terms. I will also explain how profit maximizing firms determine their optimal level of output and how a profit maximizing firm will react to different levels of marginal revenue. Marginal revenue is the extra revenue that will be made by a firm when the firm sells one additional unit of a product.Total revenue is simply the sum of a firm's sales of a specified quantity of a particular product. So, while marginal revenue is telling how much extra money selling each additional product will make a firm, total revenue is telling how much the firm will make by selling a given quantity. Marginal cost is the what it will cost a firm to produce one more unit of product. Total cost is the total economic cost a firm incurs for producing a given quantity of a certain product.Profit is simply the a firm's total revenue after the firm pays for its operating costs, and prof it maximization is the the course of action that a firm takes to determine how much they will produce and what they will charge per unit of production in order to provide the firm with the greatest possible profit in either the long run or the short run time frame of a firm.A profit-maximizing firm determines its optimal level of out put by finding the point where marginal cost is equal to marginal revenue. Meaning that, when the cost of producing an additional, or extra, unit of product is equal to the amount of extra revenue. This point is the peak of the firm's profit maximizing potential. An additional unit of product after this point will only result in costing the firm money, rendering marginal revenue as zero or negative.If a profit maximizing firm's marginal revenue is greater than marginal cost, the firm will continue adding another unit of product to production as long as marginal revenue is greater than or equal to marginal cost. If a profit-maximizing firm's marginal rev enue is less than marginal cost, the firm would need to reduce its output to the point of optimal output where marginal revenue is again equal to marginal cost. EGT1 Task 1 References McConnell, C. R. , Brue, S. L. , & Flynn, S. M. (2012). Economics: principles, problems, and policies. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Marriage and Ancient Rome Eras - 782 Words

CHAPTER 1 The Problem and its Setting I. Introduction A. Background of the study Premarital sex, also known as adolescent sex or youthful sex is a sexual activity that is practiced by people who are not yet married. The term â€Å"premarital sex† is referred to any sexual relations among people prior to marriage. During the 1950s, Western societies consider men and women of age 21 as a legal basis for marriage, as such there were no considerations that one who had sex would not marry. Thus, the case was not clear whether sexual intercourses between individuals legally forbidden from marrying, or one uninterested in marrying could be considered premarital. Historically, premarital sex is considered as taboo by many cultures†¦show more content†¦6. What do they think is the main reason for the gradual increase of premarital sex in the country? 7. How will the students contribute in spreading the knowledge about the effects of premarital sex? C. Significance of the Study This study will benefit the following: 1. Students Students will definitely be the main beneficiary for this study because they are expected to educate people about the study as it assess and measure their awareness and involvement on the different effects of premarital sex. Students will be able to determine the significance of the study. 2. Parents Parents will also benefit as they acquire additional knowledge brought by the study. The youth should be guided as they enter the stage of curiosity. Parents should be well-equipped with knowledge and explanations so that children of young ages are ensured of well-rounded and better future. 3. Women Majority of females are composed of young ones and teenagers. As a beneficiary of this study, concerns will be much on focus with the health of women. Generally speaking, the increase in awareness of people to the effects of premarital sex will ensure women of good health. There will be less transmuted diseases, reduced unwanted pregnancies, decreased number of abortions, and lowered death cases among women. 4. Government The last beneficiary will be the government. Being the great wall of our society, the government’s roleShow MoreRelatedAncient Roman Civilization And Modern Times936 Words   |  4 PagesThe ancient Roman civilization had many enduring contributions to modern times. Many of the ancient structures survived the ravages of time. This leads the modern tourist to experience the ancient civilization through much of what Ancient Rome’s engineers enduring achievements, namely, temples, baths, aqueducts and roads (Temin, The economy of the early Roman Empire, 2006). Beyond the physical structures that survived the millennia, there are numerous modern cultural influences that are readilyRead MoreComparing and Contrasting the Role of Women during the Roman Empire and the Middle Ages1564 Words   |  7 Pagesinvestigation will focus on the time period of 27 BC to 1485 BC and the places investigated will include Europe, more specifically Rome. This will be accomplished through a detailed examination of the role of women in the Roman Empire and the Middle Ages. In this investigation secondary and primary sources will be used. Word Count: 142 Part B: Summary of Evidence Women in Rome from 753 BC- 476 were treated with respect yet they struggled with keeping their identity. Roman women were either under the controlRead MoreGoddesses, Whores, Wives and Slaves: Classical Women of Antiquity1109 Words   |  4 PagesGoddesses, Whores, Wives and Slaves: Classical Women of Antiquity The title of Sarah B. Pomeroys book on women in antiquity is a summary of the main categories of females in the literary imagination and the societies of ancient Greece and Rome, over a period of fifteen hundred years. Beginning with goddesses, Pomery retells some Greek myths, outlining the social functions of female Olympians – the goddesses are archetypical images of human females, as envisioned by males. Desirable characteristicsRead MoreRole of Women in Ancient Roman Society Essay1341 Words   |  6 PagesThe role of women in ancient Rome is not easily categorized; in some ways they were treated better than women in ancient Greece, but in other matters they were only allowed a very modest degree of rights and privileges. One thing that does seem clear is that as the city-state of Rome evolved from its early days into a more complex society; women were not always limited to secondary roles. In some areas of Roman society, women were allowed more freedoms than in many other ancient civilizations. Research: Read MoreWomens Roles in Ancient Greece and Rome Essay1138 Words   |  5 PagesRoles in Ancient Greece and Rome Women have played important roles throughout history. They have been responsible for the rise and fall of nations, sustaining families, and have been the focal point of worship in ancient religions. Moving forward in history, womens roles have continually changed. Their status as matriarchs changed as the more advanced ancient civilizations rose. The patriarchal societies of ancient Greece and Rome viewed women differently from some societies of past eras. The studyRead MoreRoman Society : The Great And Vast Republic And Empire1722 Words   |  7 PagesAt a size of approximately one million people Rome was the pinnacle of an age long lost. Yet the society created by these ancient people remains in the ever changing culture of today. Whether it be the creation of a republic, the political entity still used by many today, to the mannerisms of war still taught by military schools the world over, Rome gave more to the development of civilization than almost any society. Even the phras e, â€Å"When in Rome, do as the Romans do† is commonly used around theRead MoreThe Impacts of Marriages in Virgil’s The Aeneid849 Words   |  3 Pagesduring the time of Augustus (27 BC), the first Emperor of Rome. After Caesar’s death in 44BC, Augustus had the immense task of bringing Rome back to her original stability and unity that had been shattered during the Civil Wars and decline of her Republic. In the establishment of this empire Augustus had legislation encouraging marriage and the birth of children. Thus it makes sense that Virgil’s The Aeneid promoted the theme of marriage in a beneficial light. In Book 12 Aeneas was fated to marryRead MoreComparison Between Roman And Roman Civilization1622 Words   |  7 Pagesthe history of Rome famous at the time, the encounter between Pope Leo the Great and Attila the Hun. Although the fresco has historical inaccuracies within it, the fresco as an allusion to classical civilization was clear. Although the actual event was at Mantua, the picture implied that the event occurred at Rome, perhaps to evoke more strong memories of Roman civilization. The event marked the end of the Hunnic invasion, and represented one of the last moments of pride in ancient Roman civilizationRead MoreGoddess, Whores, Wives and Slaves: Classical Women of Antiquity, written by Sarah B. Pomery1327 Words   |  5 Pages Whores, Wives and Slaves: Classical Women of Antiquity, written by Sarah B. Pomery, focuses on the main categories of women in the literature and society of ancient Greece and Roman over a time period of fifteen hundred years. Pomery focuses on these roles and how they are significant in the development and structure of these great ancient civilizations. Her goal in writing this book was to expand upon her first book, entitled Goddesses as she discusses in the Preface of this book. She wanted toRead MoreAncient Greek And Roman Worlds1502 Words   |  7 PagesWintersole ENGL 1302 4 November 2015 Greco-Roman Aesthetics The ancient Greek and Roman worlds made important contributions to both religion and philosophy, the study of the nature of truth, knowledge, and moral values. In fact, the word philosophy is Greek origin, containing the world s philia or to love with Sophia or wisdom. Two of the most powerful empires in the ancient world were Greece and Rome. In order to understand these two different yet similar worlds, you have to